Glossary of Terms

Glossary is usually defined as an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized field of knowledge. This knowledge base glossary provides a collection of knowledge base documents that define many technical terms. These terms are arranged alphabetically, but you can quickly jump to a specific term by selecting its first letter from the index of the knowledge base glossary below.

Artifacts
visible defects in an image that are not present in the original item, and were introduced either by software, hardware, or both. Artifacts may include:  blocky text or obvious zones of color (caused by from heavy file compression)  bizarre patterns in a halftone illustration when viewed on a monitor (from the lack of proper image editing)  speckles and noise (from dust on a scanner)  color bands across the entire image (caused by a bad scanning element)
Brightness
is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to be radiating or reflecting light.
CMYK
short for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key (black). This is a subtractive (reflective) color model used in printing. The three color inks plus black are combined together on a base of white (paper) to form color images. The more ink is added, the darker the image becomes.
Compression
The process of reducing an image file by removing un-needed pixel information. When an image is captured the scanner takes a picture of the item in the scanner. This picture will contain 1 pixel for each color found. Compression reduces the image so that pixels of little to no change in color are combined into 1 color or greyscale value.
Contrast
in an image is determined by the difference between light and dark tones in a scene. If there is not enough contrast a picture may appear too gray or dull. Bitonal images are considered high contrast, because they are only black and white. High contrast images of text files are easier to read and result in much more accurate OCR results.
Deskew
Deskewing is the ability of the scanner driver to detect that the item being scanned is not straight. When the deskew option is turned on the driver will attempt to straighten the image so that the resulting scan is level from left to right. This feature is useful when attempting to OCR a document; however, it is important that when scanning from the flatbed the page be aligned to the alignment arrows. When scanning from an ADF the input paper guides should be flush to the side of the pages being scanned.
Duplex
When a document has printing or pictures on both sides of the page this means that it is a duplex or two-sided document. A duplex scanner will scan both sides of a document at the same time.
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Grayscale
a black-and-white form of continuous tone imagery. Unlike bitonal images, where one two tonal values can be described, grayscale images are (typically) composed of 256 shades of gray (28 or 8-bit), varying from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest. High-end scanners are capable of capturing 12-bit (212) and 16-bit (216) grayscale. Grayscale images are also called monochromatic, as they only capture one channel of color.
Image PDF
Typically means a scanned PDF document that is non-searchable or has not been OCR’d. It is the most common scanning format, however it is the least preferred PDF file type for documents that have to be recalled or search for. See also Text Searchable PDF.
Image PDFs
Typically means a scanned PDF document that is non-searchable or has not been OCR’d. It is the most common scanning format, however it is the least preferred PDF file type for documents that have to be recalled or search for. See also Text Searchable PDF.
Link
a link is a reference to another document. Such links are sometimes called hot links because they take you to other documents when you click on them.
MD5 checksum
A checksum is generated by software that reads the bits in the file and generates a unique 32 character alphanumeric string. These strings can be used to determine if the file has been altered in any way simply by running it through the checksum algorithm again. If the strings are exactly the same, the file is unchanged. If they are not, the file has been altered in some way. Checksums are vital when transferring files across the Internet or from one storage medium to another.
Metadata
– Latin term meaning “information about information.” In the digital realm, metadata is data that describes key information about the digital files (image files, text files, digital audio/video) and when appropriate, the original objects they represent. There are different kinds of ‘metadata’ including:  bibliographic (author/artist, publisher, publication/release date)  technical (related to software things like scanning equipment, software programs, settings used to create/modify the file);  preservation (fixity, checksum information; conservation treatment performed);  provenance (history of ownership);  structural (how the original item is put together hierarchically – page numbers, titles, chapter headings, etc.)
Normal PDF (nPDF)
This file format is an editable .pdf file if a PDF editor, such as Adobe Acrobat, is installed on the computer. The option to created this file types is only available if some form of the OmniPage OCR software is installed on the computer. The OneTouch driver option calls this option nPDF, however, the resulting file type will simply be .pdf. Unlike a searchable PDF file, which is an image with a hidden searchable text layer, a normal PDF looks like a file that may have been created in Adobe Acrobat and can be edited as such. See OCR and Searchable PDF.
OCR
This is the process in which scanning a document produces an editable or searchable soft copy of the original document. A standard scan of a document produces a picture of the page. This type of picture file cannot be edited in word processing applications nor can the words or numbers in the document be searched for. The OCR engine reads each line of text and translates it into editable and searchable text so that the scan can be opened in a word processing application, such as MS-Word, and the document content can be edited. No OCR engine is completely accurate. For best OCR results use good, clear originals and make sure that documents are properly aligned in the document feeder.
PaperPort
Most of the Visioneer and Xerox desktop scanners are bundled with the Nuance PaperPort software. This software is a document management software where all files and folders can be sorted and manipulated. The PaperPort PageView allows for some basic editing of picture files and adding notes to image files. The PaperPort Desktop is simply a way of viewing and sorting files similar to what would be seen in My Computer and My Documents in the Microsoft Windows environment. Any files added, changed or deleted in this software will have the same changes as if the modifications had been done from the My Documents browser in Microsoft Windows. See Application Links and OCR.
PDF
PDF (Portable Document Format) The .pdf file format is an open file format created by Adobe in 1993 and has become a world-wide standard for sharing digital files on the internet. Most forms and publications that are downloadable online are in the .pdf file format. The .pdf file format is proprietary and the Adobe Acrobat Reader software must be installed on a computer to be able to open and view these files.
QFS
Quik File Share
Quik File Share
Quik File Share (QFS) is an easy to use, web-based file sharing solution. It provides a user friendly, feature rich portal for quickly & safely sharing files and folders across the internet. QFS enables your mobile employees, clients and business partners to safely access, share, and upload documents to your own private portal. Create your own internal “Cloud” solution without uploading your confidential files to the internet! QFS gives you powerful “cloud” like capabilities without having to depend on the reliability or security of a 3rd party cloud sharing service. It competes with other technologies such as DropBox or FTP.
RGB
Red, Green, and Blue. This is an additive (transmissive) color model where three colors are added together in varying degrees to get the correct color. White is the addition of all three color channels at their fullest intensity, black is the lack of light across all three color channels. RGB is the most commonly used colorspace for image files for viewing on computer monitors.
Searchable PDF (sPDF)
This file format is an image of the original document with a hidden, searchable text layer. Unlike a normal PDF file where the file can be edited in Acrobat, a searchable PDF file can only have the text searched from within Acrobat or other searching software. The OneTouch driver option calls this option sPDF, however, the resulting file type will simply be .pdf. See OCR and Normal PDF.
Separator Page
Separator pages allow you to create multiple PDFs of varying page length from a batch of documents. They are easy to use, simply insert a separator page between each document. Every time the scanning software recognizes a new separator page it will then create a new PDF file. Separator pages will either have some type of text or barcode image on them. This tells the scanning software where one document ends and another begins. These are called generic separator pages. However, you can have add naming options on a separator page, so that each PDF is named using a rule or document title.
SharePoint Destination (Microsoft SharePoint)
OneTouch has a destination application link specifically for sending scanned items to a Microsoft SharePoint server if there is a SharePoint server available. When the destination selected is SharePoint all scanning configurations will have a SharePoint option where the site URL, folder location, and user credentials can be set. This allows user to scan directly to a SharePoint site. See Application Link Configurations Destinations and OneTouch.
Simplex
When a document has printing or pictures on only one side of the page this means that it is a simplex or single-sided document. A simplex scanner will scan only one side of the document at a time. If the original document has printing or pictures on both sides of the page then the first side of the document should be scanned then the document stack must be flipped over and the second side of the document scanned.
Social Media
A term used to describe a variety of Web-based platforms, applications and technologies that enable people to socially interact with one another online. Some examples of social media sites and applications include Facebook, YouTube, Del.icio.us, Twitter, Digg, blogs and other sites that have content based on user participation and user-generated content (UGC).
Streaming
Media streaming is a technique for transferring data so that it can be processed as a steady and continuous stream. Many users do not have a fast enough internet connection to download large multimedia files quickly. With streaming, the client browser or plug-in can start displaying the data or playing the media file before the entire file has been transmitted.
Text Searchable PDF
This file format is an image of the original document with a hidden, searchable text layer. Unlike a normal PDF file where the file can be edited in Acrobat, a searchable PDF file can only have the text searched from within Acrobat or other searching software. The OneTouch driver option calls this option sPDF, however, the resulting file type will simply be .pdf. See OCR and Normal PDF.
TIFF
Tagged Image File Format. A non-proprietary raster image format, in wide use since 1981, which allows for several different types of compression. TIFFs may be either single or multi-page files. A single-page TIFF is a single image of one page of a document. A multi-page TIFF is a large single file consisting of multiple document pages. Document imaging systems that store documents as single-page TIFFs offer significant network performance benefits over multi-page TIFF systems.
TWAIN
An industry standard for image capturing software that controls importing digital images from a scanner or digital camera into the computer. Most applications that will communicate with a scanner or digital camera will access the TWAIN interface. See Interface.
URL
Abbreviation for Uniform Resource Locator (URL) it is the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web.
User Dictionary
A user dictionary is a spelling dictionary, all copies of MS-Office have a user dictionary. Any time a word is added to the dictionary it modifies this user dictionary. When using OneTouch with OCR several user dictionaries can be created and modified to add words, names, postal codes, etc that may appear in an original document but not in a standard user dictionary. See OCR.
VRS (Virtual Re-Scan)
VRS is a software application created by Kofax for post-processing of image files while scanning. This software application will filter out artifacts, dirt, stains, colors and any number of other variables that may mar the original document and will prevent a clean scan of the document. For instance, when scanning a black & white document where there is a section of highlighted text, the highlighted area will appear as dark grey or even black in the finished scan. The VRS software filters out the color highlighter and leaves only the black text so that it is legible in the final digital file. Another example is scanning a shipping receipt where the text is light grey from the carbon copy and there are various background colors, the VRS software will remove the background colors and darken the text so that the image is clean and easily read. Scanners that have VRS available will have the VRS feature available within the OneTouch scanning configurations. See "Configurations" and "OneTouch".
WIA
Windows Image Acquisition - first introduced by Microsoft in Windows Me and continues to be the standard available in later versions of Windows. This provides a scanning interface to the user without using the scanner, or camera, software and driver bundled with the scanner. The scanner driver must be installed before WIA can be used for scanning.
WIA (Windows Image Acquisition)
First introduced by Microsoft in Windows Me and continues to be the standard available in later versions of Windows. This provides a scanning interface to the user without using the scanner, or camera, software and driver bundled with the scanner. The scanner driver must be installed before WIA can be used for scanning.
XLS
.xls is the file format used by the MS-Excel application.
ZIP
A common file compression format that allows quick and easy storage for transport.
Zone OCR
An add-on feature of the imaging software that populates document templates by reading certain regions or zones of a document, and then placing the text into a document index field.

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